Proton gradient
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From the operation of the electron transport chain, a concentration gradient of protons forms across the membrane. Like water held behind a dam, given the opportunity, the protons will tend to flow across the membrane barrier.
Dec 19, 2015 · In cells, it is very similar. Proton pumps are a special kind of transporter that push hydrogen ions from areas of low concentration to areas with high concentration. Ions moving down a gradient release energy, but when they move up a gradient, it takes energy. Diffusion can then use this gradient to capture energy again, as the ions move downhill.